Measurement and prediction of soil moisture in a medium-sized catchment

نویسندگان

  • J. D. KALMA
  • G. BOULET
  • G. Boulet
چکیده

Catchments with a small elevation range and relatively long dry periods in high radiation conditions may be described as an array of vertical one-dimensional pathways for water and energy. Such a representation makes it possible for SoilVegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) models to simulate mass exchange across the catchment. This note reports on a comparison of a Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer model and a stochastic hydrological model. We have used a stochastically distributed one-dimensional SVAT model (SiSPAT), which transfers any runoff generated at a particular location instantaneously to the catchment outlet. The hydrological model used here is the quasi-distributed Variable Infiltration Capacity model of Wood et al. (1992). Our results indicate that the uncalibrated SiSPAT model does not yield better results than the uncalibrated VIC model. However, even the uncalibrated VIC model requires knowledge of the maximum and minimum observed storage capacity to derive soil water status. The results also show that a calibrated VIC model performs better than the uncalibrated SiSPAT, but that minimum storage calibrated against the observed runoff does not retain its physical significance, since it is larger than the mean storage capacity. Mesure et prévision de l'humidité du soi dans un bassin de taille moyenne Résumé Les bassins où les différences d'altitude sont faibles et qui sont soumis à de longues périodes sèches sous un rayonnement intense peuvent être représentés un tableau de chemins verticaux pour l'eau et l'énergie. Une telle représentation permet aux modèles sol-plante-atmosphère (SVAT) de simuler les échanges de masse à travers la surface du bassin. Ce papier est consacré à la comparaison d'un modèle de transfert sol-plante-atmosphère et d'un modèle hydrologique stochastique. Nous avons utilisé un modèle sol-plante-atmosphère monodimensionnel distribué aléatoirement (SiSPAT), qui transfère instantanément à son exutoire tout ruissellement produit sur la surface du bassin. Le modèle hydrologique utilisé ici est le modèle quasi-distribué à capacité d'infiltration variable (VIC) de Wood et al. (1992). Nos résultats montrent que le modèle SiSPAT non calé ne fournit pas de meileurs résultats que le modèle VIC non calé lui aussi. Le modèle VIC non calé exige cependant de connaître le maximum et le minimum de la capacité de stockage observée pour calculer l'état de l'eau du sol. Les résultats montrent aussi que le modèle VIC calé fournit de meilleurs résultats que le modèle SiSPAT non calé, mais que le stockage minimum résultant du calage vis à vis de l'écoulement observé n'a pas de signification physique puisqu'il se révèle plus grand que la capacité de stockage moyenne. Open for discussion until I February 1999 598 J. D. Kalma & G. Boulet

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تاریخ انتشار 2007